The knee in the human body is a hinge joint involving the thigh bone and the shin bone. Knee replacement surgery is a technique that removes a diseased knee joint and replaces it with an artificial joint (prosthesis). One of the most common reasons for this operation is severe osteoarthritis, which causes relentless pain, joint deformity and mobility problems. Knee replacement surgery is known as ‘total knee arthroplasty’.

A unicompartmental knee replacement is at times used instead of a total knee replacement. This is when only one side of the knee has been damaged by osteoarthritis. Unicompartmental knee replacements involve smaller incisions, reduced bleeding, quicker recovery, and less bone loss than a total knee replacement.

Knee replacement, or knee arthroplasty, is a common operation done to ease the pain and disability from degenerative arthritis, most commonly osteoarthritis, but other arthritides also. It consists of replacing the damaged and painful joint surfaces of the knee with metal and plastic components shaped to allow continued motion of the knees.

Incapacitating pain from arthritis of the knee affecting everyday activities -- particularly walking and standing is the main reason to have a total knee replacement. The patient must be aware of the drawbacks of the surgery and be prepared to take the risks rather than continue with the symptoms.

Unicompartmental arthroplasty (UKA), also called partial knee replacement is a viable option for some patients. The knee is generally divided into three regions: medial (inside area of the knee), lateral, and patellofemoral (the joint between the kneecap and the thighbone). Majority of the patients with arthritis severe enough to consider knee replacement have significant wear in two or more of the above compartments and are best handled with total knee replacement.

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